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  • The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts

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The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts

4.3 out of 5 stars (4,523)

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A cult bestseller in the US, available around the world for the first time, The Great Mental Models introduces the simple tools we all need to see the world clearly.

Time and time again, great thinkers like Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger have credited their success to mental models: simple representations of how the world works that can be applied in a wide array of contexts. Mastering a small number of these concepts enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others don’t, and better anticipate outcomes.

The Great Mental Models introduces the most powerful models that anyone can use right away to improve decision making and productivity. In this volume, Shane Parrish introduces the universal concepts that underpin better thinking, including:

  • Occam’s Razor: When faced with competing hypotheses, the simplest explanation is often the best one.
  • Circle of competence: We operate optimally in the territory we know best and the quality of our thinking decreases as we venture too far outside our areas of expertise.
  • Inversion: To invert a problem is to think about it in reverse, and thereby work out what not to do in response.


Building a latticework of mental models is one of the most powerful things you can do to become a better thinker, leader, or creator.
The Great Mental Models is the accessible guide you need to unlock this ability.

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From the Publisher

shane parrish, great mental models
The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts
The Great Mental Models: Physics, Chemistry and Biology
The Great Mental Models: Systems and Mathematics
The Great Mental Models: Economics and Art
Volume 1 2 3 4

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About the Author

Shane Parrish is the creator of Farnam Street, the world’s most read blog on the art and science of decision-making. His first book, Clear Thinking, was an instant New York Times bestseller and was described by James Clear as ‘a masterwork’.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Cornerstone Press
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ 17 Oct. 2024
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 208 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1529945739
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1529945737
  • Item weight ‏ : ‎ 290 g
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 14.2 x 2.1 x 22.3 cm
  • Book 1 of 4 ‏ : ‎ The Great Mental Models
  • Best Sellers Rank: 13,648 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • Customer reviews:
    4.3 out of 5 stars (4,523)

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Customer reviews

4.3 out of 5 stars
4,523 global ratings

Customers say

Customers find this book to be one of the most indispensable reads, providing a good introduction to basic mental models and being an easy, quick read. They appreciate its clarity, with one customer noting it changes the way they view things, and its well-written, concise style. Several customers express disappointment, saying there's nothing new in the content.
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51 customers mention content, 44 positive, 7 negative
Customers find the book's content valuable, describing it as one of the most indispensable reads that provides a good introduction to basic mental models.
Great book. Straight to the point.Read more
Great read; very well written; learnt a lot....Read more
Good book, but a bit overpriced. Same information can be obtained from various blogs. But it's nice to have it as a hardcopy.Read more
This book teaches you how to think... Will save you years on productivity if you can apply this....Read more
14 customers mention readability, 11 positive, 3 negative
Customers find the book easy to read and worth their time, with one customer noting its simplistic approach without many pages.
Clear, concise and very accessibleRead more
...Personally would have preferred more investing mental models. Read it in 2 days.Read more
...from a series of blog posts, which makes it a good overview and quick read....Read more
...Only four stars because it is so quick....Read more
9 customers mention clarity, 9 positive, 0 negative
Customers praise the book's clarity, with reviews mentioning how it provides new perspectives on viewing the world and helps develop better observational skills.
...The book is short, focused and gets right down to the mental models. Some of the popular mental models covered are...Read more
A fantastic book ,which can make you change the way you view things and interact with people and situations....Read more
...In essence, these models give you new lens through which you can view this worldRead more
...scientists, artists, leaders solve a variety of problems, this book lights the way. Your mind sees with new eyes after reading it.Read more
8 customers mention conciseness, 7 positive, 1 negative
Customers find the book well written and concise.
A very concise and well written book, full of timeless wisdom. A must for any library. Easy to read. I would think particularly valuable for students.Read more
Clear, concise and very accessibleRead more
Great read; very well written; learnt a lot....Read more
...Ok as a manual to refer to and well summarised but a bit messy in its composition.Read more
5 customers mention nothing new, 2 positive, 3 negative
Customers have mixed opinions about the book's content, with some finding it unoriginal.
...Nothing in the book was brand new to me, but I liked the framing of each as mental models as I can now tie the concepts more neatly together when...Read more
Great topics, new book, flawless.Read more
Nothing new yet fantastically presentedRead more
This is one of those cornerstone books that will arm you for the arena of life. I so very much enjoyed this first volume!Read more

Top reviews from the United Kingdom

  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Good book
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 2 May 2026
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    Great book. Straight to the point.

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  • 4 out of 5 stars
    Improve you thinking
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 21 April 2020
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    If you are a reader of the Farnam street blog, much of the content will be familar but this is a great way to have it condensed in one book.

    The book is short, focused and gets right down to the mental models. Some of the popular mental models covered are

    The Map is not the territory

    circle of competence

    First principles thinking

    Second-order thinking

    probabilistic thinking

    Inversion

    Easy to read and will teach you loads

    10 people found this helpful
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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Clear, concise and very accessible
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 11 February 2020
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    Just finished reading Shane's book. If you're a reader of Farnham Street 'Brain Food' newsletter, many of the concepts and models covered in this book will be familiar. There are quite a number of books around on mental models but I need to point to this one as one that's both well written and readily accessible. Looking forward to part two which is due out soon, I believe.

    4 people found this helpful
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  • 3 out of 5 stars
    A quick read overview of mental models
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 25 March 2021
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    This book is adapted from a series of blog posts, which makes it a good overview and quick read. Each chapter speaks to one mental model, describing it and then providing 2-3 examples from history. The only negative for me was that in a couple chapters I felt the examples were a bit of a stretch to support the theory he just defined. I didn’t quite believe it and he even acknowledges in one that he can’t truly know what led a historical figure to make a certain decision. Nothing in the book was brand new to me, but I liked the framing of each as mental models as I can now tie the concepts more neatly together when discussing with colleagues at work.

    5 people found this helpful
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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    A great book by Shane Parrish.
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 20 April 2025
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    I really like Shane Parrish's way of writing makes it easier for me to understand and use the information to improve my life.

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  • 4 out of 5 stars
    useful for some
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 8 June 2026
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    If you’ve lived a while and paid attention to the world this book will be more a summary of stuff you know, potentially with some labels you didn’t have eg Occam’s razor.

    If you’re younger and just starting out in life, this book could provide some useful shortcuts to wisdom you might not already have. I wish I’d seen it in my 20s. In my 50s I’m nodding and saying “yep, seen that”.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    It's a good book, but a bit overpriced
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 31 October 2023
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    Good book, but a bit overpriced. Same information can be obtained from various blogs. But it's nice to have it as a hardcopy.

    One person found this helpful
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  • 4 out of 5 stars
    A quick romp through some important tools for thinking with
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 18 April 2020
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    A quick romp through some important tools for thinking with. Only four stars because it is so quick. Some sections are superficial and some require knowledge of US popular culture and sports personalities but these are tools everyone should know about. I had the Kindle edition. It worked well but some "sidebars" were a few pages away from where they were initially referenced. I will be reading the next volume in the series.

    12 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Very good
    Reviewed in France on 7 April 2025
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    What a great book !

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Simple But Usable Advice
    Reviewed in the United States on 4 January 2026
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    When you read these concepts you probably will not be surprised by the main ideas. However, the book does a good of fleahing out the details to make the concepts clear and memorable and proper caveats of when to use the ideas. Simple advice is usually easier to apply and stopping to actually use these precepts will improve your decision making.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    A must must read.
    Reviewed in India on 28 August 2022
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    Shane Parrish has written a gold mine book. The various mental models mentioned by him the book is useful to all and if put in use in our daily lives we can simplify most of the things in our lives. Decision making is one of the most difficult aspects in life but putting the mental models,mentioned by Shane in the book, in use can definitely help one to take good decisions in all aspects of life.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Improve the way you think in the era of critical thinking
    Reviewed in the United Arab Emirates on 16 April 2024
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    The book introduces mental models and establishes a foundation for its future volumes.

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  • 2 out of 5 stars
    It didn't live up to expectations and the book quality is poor
    Reviewed in Poland on 27 February 2025
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    First of all, I am very disappointed with the quality of the second edition of the book I received from Amazon. It arrived in poor condition, appearing used with a worn cover, which has only deteriorated further over time. "The author thanks the publisher 'Cornerstone Press' in the acknowledgments, but in reality, there's nothing to thank them for. I can't remember the last time I encountered such poor quality in a book.

    From reviews I read, I am not the only one complaining about it.

    Speaking about the book itself, in my opinion, it didn't live to my expectations. There are a few mental models presented in the book. Some are explained really well some only shallowly. Compared to the book "Clear Thinking" it lacks a bit of depth and analysis.

    The book itself is 4/5 but due to the print quality the overall score drops to 2/5.

    It didn't live up to expectations and the book quality is poor
    It didn't live up to expectations and the book quality is poor
    It didn't live up to expectations and the book quality is poor
    2 out of 5 stars
    It didn't live up to expectations and the book quality is poor
    Reviewed in Poland on 27 February 2025

    First of all, I am very disappointed with the quality of the second edition of the book I received from Amazon. It arrived in poor condition, appearing used with a worn cover, which has only deteriorated further over time. "The author thanks the publisher 'Cornerstone Press' in the acknowledgments, but in reality, there's nothing to thank them for. I can't remember the last time I encountered such poor quality in a book.

    From reviews I read, I am not the only one complaining about it.

    Speaking about the book itself, in my opinion, it didn't live to my expectations. There are a few mental models presented in the book. Some are explained really well some only shallowly. Compared to the book "Clear Thinking" it lacks a bit of depth and analysis.

    The book itself is 4/5 but due to the print quality the overall score drops to 2/5.

    Sending feedback...
    Thank you. We’ll investigate in the next few days.